The spine is made up of a series of connected bones called “vertebrae.” In about 5 percent of the adult population, there is a developmental crack in one of the vertebrae, usually at the point in which the lower (lumbar) part of the spine joins the tailbone (sacrum). This point is more apt to develop a stress-type fracture.
Due to the constant forces on the lower back, this fracture does not usually heal like normal bone. This type of fracture (called a spondylolysis) is simply a crack in the vertebra and may cause no problems at all. However, when the cracked vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below it, a condition known as spondylolisthesis can result in considerable pain or discomfort.
To determine if you are suffering from this type of spinal instability, the doctor will take an x-ray, and may need to order a CAT scan or MRI as well.
Symptoms
Symptoms include:
- Low back or leg pain
- Numbness
- Tingling pain
- Muscle tightness or weakness in the leg
- Increased sway back
- Limp
Symptoms can be aggravated by standing, walking, and other activities. Rest may provide temporary relief.
Treatment
Non-surgical treatments that are usually tried first include a short period of rest, anti-inflammatory medications (orally or by injection) to reduce swelling, analgesic drugs to control pain, and physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility.
Education and training in performing the activities of daily living without placing additional stress on your lower back may help you maintain lower pain levels over a period of time. It is important to follow the doctor's recommendations regarding activity and whether you can continue to work while being treated.